Origini del tatuaggio
Il tatuaggio è stato impiegato presso moltissime culture,
sia antiche che contemporanee, accompagnando l'uomo per gran
parte della sua esistenza; a seconda degli ambiti in cui esso è radicato ha potuto rappresentare ad esempio sia una sorta di carta d'identità dell'individuo, che un rito di passaggio ad esempio all'età adulta.
Tatuaggi terapeutici sono stati ritrovati sulla Mummia del Similaun (ca. 3300 a.C.) ritrovata in 1991 the Italian Alps, with tattoos also find more complex than is that of 'man of Pazyryk "in' Central Asia with intricate tattoos representing animals. Among the ancient civilizations that developed the tattoo was Egypt but also the ancient Rome, a crossroads of civilization, where it was prohibited by Emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity ("There'll incisions in the flesh for a death, or you will get tattoos to 
off. I am the Lord "Leviticus 19:28 '). It is also noteworthy that, before Christianity became the religion and lawful, then the state religion, many Christians tattooed on Skin religious symbols to mark our own spiritual identity.
off. I am the Lord "Leviticus 19:28 '). It is also noteworthy that, before Christianity became the religion and lawful, then the state religion, many Christians tattooed on Skin religious symbols to mark our own spiritual identity. is also attested in the Middle Ages the custom of tattooing pilgrims visited shrines of religious symbols, especially that of Loreto. Among Christians, the practice of tattooing is widespread among the Coptic Monophysite. By stressing the Copts tattoo their Christian identity, the subjects are usually the Coptic cross, the Nativity and the Holiness Mar Corios, martyred under Diocletian and represented riding a horse with a child. [1] The Jewish religion prohibits tattoos permanent, as prescribed in Leviticus (Vaikrà) (19, 28). In particular, Judaism prohibits each recording accompanied by a brand of indelible ink or other material that leaves a permanent record.
Other people who developed their own styles and meanings were those related to the sphere of Oceania, in which each particular area despite the similarities, it has clearly defined traits. Famous as Maori, and also between the peoples of Mount Hagen, Japanese, Chinese and even though the Inuit population had almost every characteristic symbols and their meanings.
in the European area the tattoo was subsequently reintroduced to the ocean explorations of the eighteenth century, they did know the customs of the inhabitants of Oceania. At the end of the nineteenth century the use of tattoos also spread between the classes European aristocrats were famous tattooed, for example, Czar Nicholas II and Sir Winston Churchill. It should be noted that the criminologist Cesare Lombroso believed, in an age of positivism, the tattoo be a sign of delinquent personality. The spread of tattooing in all social strata and among very diverse people in the last thirty years relegates such criminological considerations to a mere historical curiosity.
Other people who developed their own styles and meanings were those related to the sphere of Oceania, in which each particular area despite the similarities, it has clearly defined traits. Famous as Maori, and also between the peoples of Mount Hagen, Japanese, Chinese and even though the Inuit population had almost every characteristic symbols and their meanings.
in the European area the tattoo was subsequently reintroduced to the ocean explorations of the eighteenth century, they did know the customs of the inhabitants of Oceania. At the end of the nineteenth century the use of tattoos also spread between the classes European aristocrats were famous tattooed, for example, Czar Nicholas II and Sir Winston Churchill. It should be noted that the criminologist Cesare Lombroso believed, in an age of positivism, the tattoo be a sign of delinquent personality. The spread of tattooing in all social strata and among very diverse people in the last thirty years relegates such criminological considerations to a mere historical curiosity.
Techniques tattoo
Running a tatuaggio.Gli Inuit use of bone needles to pass a wire through the skin covered with soot (the slope, which hand and improperly shall work for the purpose is ultimately an aqueous suspension of soot).
In oceanic areas the tattoo is done through the teeth of a comb of bone that stopped at the end of a wand, and beaten by another stick, pierce the skin by introducing color, the latter obtained from processing of coconut.
The Japanese, with the technique called "tebori, use thin metal needles and pigments of many colors, and introduce substances into the skin of different chemical nature and different color. The Japanese technique requires that the needles are permitted in the skin at an angle, with less violence, but still fairly doloroso.
Apparecchio utilizzato per eseguire tatuaggi.Il tatuaggio occidentale viene invece eseguito tramite una macchinetta elettrica, cui sono fissati degli aghi in numero vario a seconda dell'effetto desiderato; il movimento della macchinetta permette l'entrata degli
aghi nella pelle, i quali depositano il pigmento nel derma. Infine, la tecnica americana (che è diventata la tecnica occidentale) che ricorre alla macchinetta elettrica ad aghi, determina sensazioni calde, vibranti, ma non dolorose. La componente della sofferenza segna una netta spaccatura tra il tatuaggio odierno, di stampo occidentale, e quello del passato, diffuso in Asia, Africa ed Oceania.
In such contexts the experience of pain (which is rejected by us: this is only required American technology) is essential, as the individual approaches death and the endurance of pain is exorcising against the same. In addition to the experience of pain, blood loss is essential. The blood is the indicator for excellence in life: to shed blood, in a controlled and reduced, when you run a tattoo means to simulate a symbolic death.
Among the most popular substances are cinnabar (used for red), cromossido (for green) and cobalt (for blue) or fine particles of minerals, gold or silver.
elimination techniques
The most widely used treatment for tattoo removal is surgical and the method with better results in the removal by laser. Alternative treatments can be dermabrasion or cryotherapy.
The alternative to the total elimination through laser, often with exorbitant costs, is the overlap of the old tattoo side of a new subject (usually slightly larger and more elaborate of the old) performed by a recognized professional.
The health risks
More or less large, with or without writing the traditional tattoos last forever, but over the years become lighter if they are not performed by a professional, usually do not cause side effects may occur rarely, however, allergies to dyes used.
In any case it is always preferable to the use of experts operating in suitable environments, in the best hygienic conditions and use disposable instruments, since otherwise there is a risk of contracting infections also very serious, among which are the ' Hepatitis B and C, tetanus, AIDS, leprosy and infections skin staph. In literature there are reports of statistical correlation between the performance of a tattoo and the occurrence of sarcoidosis or of a pseudolymphoma. It is also very rare event.
Post-run tattoo
treatment shown here is obviously on a regular tattoo done with sterile equipment and tattoo machines.
The practice of healing a tattoo normally consists of applying a bandage (often directly to the study of the tattoo artist) to be removed after 1-3 hours to flush (possibly with a mild soap) removing excess color. Since then it is advisable to take the air and cover the tattoo several times a day with a thin veil of soothing and protective ointment (Bepanthenol). The choice of product depends on the advice of the tattooist and is still widespread use of petroleum jelly and cream-type Nivea moisturizer "or similar. The tattoo shall be washed daily and completely healed in 20-30 days.
During the first week is generally recommended to abstain dall'esporsi to sunlight, from taking baths in public pools or on the water and remove any scabs that may come to form. Generally
however, see the advice to treat the tattoo the tattoo artist gives to the term of their work, while the intervention of a doctor takes over when you create various kinds of complications in the healing process.
The practice of healing a tattoo normally consists of applying a bandage (often directly to the study of the tattoo artist) to be removed after 1-3 hours to flush (possibly with a mild soap) removing excess color. Since then it is advisable to take the air and cover the tattoo several times a day with a thin veil of soothing and protective ointment (Bepanthenol). The choice of product depends on the advice of the tattooist and is still widespread use of petroleum jelly and cream-type Nivea moisturizer "or similar. The tattoo shall be washed daily and completely healed in 20-30 days.
During the first week is generally recommended to abstain dall'esporsi to sunlight, from taking baths in public pools or on the water and remove any scabs that may come to form. Generally
however, see the advice to treat the tattoo the tattoo artist gives to the term of their work, while the intervention of a doctor takes over when you create various kinds of complications in the healing process.
Allergic reactions
Allergic reactions to pigments in the colors are rare, except for certain types of red (cinnabar, mercury compound) and green. The skin of people allergic to certain metals may react with pigments swelling, itching and the discharge of pus. These reactions appear rarely, but we recommend perform a special test before having the tattoo.
There are minimal risks of anaphylactic shock in hypersensitive individuals.
There are also rare cases of rejection of the ink, resulting in permanent damage to aesthetics of the area concerned, it is therefore advisable to undergo specific tests before tattoos, at least for the first time.
There are minimal risks of anaphylactic shock in hypersensitive individuals.
There are also rare cases of rejection of the ink, resulting in permanent damage to aesthetics of the area concerned, it is therefore advisable to undergo specific tests before tattoos, at least for the first time.
stay tattoo
The semi-solid tattoo pigment is incorporated by cells in the dermis of the skin, holding it in permanently. Who has second thoughts and wants to remove his tattoos trust or dermabrasion (a very aggressive because they scrape off the skin from 1 mm to 2 mm thick if the color has penetrated deep), risking visible scars, or laser, which vaporizes only the blackened skin cells, not by bleeding and not causing pain (by this method are not scars, but the new layer of skin may be a different color), or cryotherapy.
Ethics tattooist
A tattoo artist at work. A tattoo artist has the task to put on your skin so indelible a drawing. For liability granted it, he must be conscientious person with knowledge of the trade. A serious tattooist, the customer provides detailed information on risks and charges involving the sessions that are consistent with a job.
The customer who goes for the first time in the studio of a professional tattoo artist is given a questionnaire to fill out health and hygiene. Moreover, a serious tattoo artist is concerned to understand what the real motivations of the customer and prevent them, driven by temporary reasons or minor, is undergoing treatment which could then repent.
From hygienic point of view, the customer must be informed about the study methods used for sterilization and cleaning of rooms and instruments.
The sterilization system is far preferable to the saturated steam autoclaves obtained.
The autoclaves are tested regularly and kept in the study and performed tests to clients.
The tattoo artist should wear gloves, gowns and masks.
Every culture, whether it be Japanese or Polynesian, assigns to each symbol is a term, then care would be at least one of the parties concerned informed about the significance of what you want to perform. It should be noted that in traditional societies' s misuse of the symbol borders on sacrilege.
Profiles legal tattoo
Il tatuaggio è una modificazione permanente del corpo umano. In quanto tale non é irrilevante per il Diritto. In via generale rientra nella previsione dell'art. 5 Codice Civile. Tale Norma di portata generale, risalente al 1943 e mai emendata, recita testualmente: "Gli atti di disposizione del proprio corpo sono vietati quando cagionino una diminuzione permanente delle integrità fisica o quando siano altrimenti contrari alla legge, all'ordine pubblico o al buon costume". Posto che il tatuaggio non ha come fine la diminuzione permanente dell'integrità fisica ma piuttosto l'ornamento del corpo, né è vietato da alcuna disposizione di Legge, è da intendersi activities normally permitted. The Supreme Court has clearly ruled that the execution of the tattoo is for health (Section VI Criminal Appeal 25 January 1996 and May 29, 1996). In relation to the question of whether the execution of a tattoo as a supplement to the crime of injury is observed that under Article. 50 of the Penal Code, the consent of the right applies as justifications, no problem for the tattoo artist can properly decide whether the customer. Different is the case in which an unemancipated minor requires to be tattooed. Given that this is someone who can not properly dispose of their rights (and, consequently, be validly consent pursuant to Art. 50 Criminal Code) is good that the tatuatore non esegua il tatuaggio senza una dichiarazione d'assenso di chi, genitori o tutore, esercita la potestà genitoriale sul minore . In tal caso é meglio che il tatuatore richieda il consenso in forma scritta. Secondo Giurisprudenza della Suprema Corte (Cassazione Sezione V Penale 17 novembre-14 dicembre 2005, n° 45345/2005) il tatuatore che, senza il consenso di chi esercita la potestà genitoriale, esegua un tatuaggio su richiesta di un minore, risponde del Reato di lesioni personali volontarie. Non si tratta di una pronuncia della Cassazione a Sezioni Unite, peraltro é bene esigere sempre il consenso dei genitori. Sotto il profilo civilistico, vale a dire per premunirsi da eventuali azioni per responsabilità contrattuale (ex art. 1218 Civil Code) or tort (ex art. 2043 Civil Code), the tattooist must follow all the rules of conduct hygiene and customer information point well described in the section on the ethics of tattooing. It is to be expected that the work of tattoo artist, in most cases has the nature of self-employment under Articles. 2222 and the Civil Code. It is a good rule of prudence liability insurance business following the self-employed person, the tattoo artist to determine whether the insurance companies offer specific contracts for their businesses. Currently no state law governing the Italian tattoo, although the matter is already the subject a resolution of the Council of Europe, which should comply with the laws of individual states. The above resolution, on 19 June 2003, recommends the introduction of specific legislation on products for the permanent tattoo of a discipline and administrative rules of hygiene to be observed. Currently, national legislation level ad, it appears that only Belgium, France and Switzerland have already legislated on the practice of tattooing. In relation to Italy there is still a law (or act having the force of law) to the relevant state. Some regions (Piedmont, Tuscany) have also placed on the legislative power under scheduled art. 117 of the Constitution. These laws also force only unfold within the territory of the Region which has legislated. Finally, it should be noted that the call for public tenders relating to certain sectors of public employment (for example in law enforcement) may indicate why the presence of unfitness of tattoos concealed by the uniform, disfiguring or considered by the Medical Commission charged with assessing the suitability of the candidates indicated abnormal personality. It is clearly a distant echo of the theories that Lombroso was mentioned above. Who is considered to be inappropriate for that reason will naturally bring the courts in the form of Administrative Law.
I tatuaggi "old school"
I tatuaggi "old school"
sono caratterizzati dalle linee nette e squadrate, dall'uso massiccio del nero e dalla colorazione piatta e senza sfumature. I soggetti dei tatuaggi "old school" sono quelli della tradizione europea e americana: rose, pugnali, cuori sacri, pin up e simbologie marittime come sirene, ancore e navi.
I tatuaggi "new school"
I tatuaggi "new school"
si rifanno alla "vecchia scuola" ma esasperandone le caratteristiche, quindi linee ancora più grosse e colori super luminosi. Caso particolare sono le pantere nere. Per anni uno dei classici della tradizione americana, have been considered for a symbol of masculinity and machismo, and therefore boycotted by the world of tattooing. Recently, in conjunction with the birth of the "new school" there was a rehabilitation and re-interpretations is easy to see that.
Tribal
Tribal
is the name given to that category of tattoos has emerged since the early nineties and is based on the traditional tattoos of the natives of various islands of the Pacific (Samoa, Marquesas Islands, Hawaii), the Dayak of Borneo, the Maori of New Zealand and Native Americans.
tribal style is characterized by abstract patterns, formati da linee dalla silhouette molto marcata, di solito riempiti totalmente di nero. Spesso i disegni vengono effettuati in maniera tale da enfatizzare le linee naturali del corpo e della muscolatura. È altrettanto diffusa l'utilizzo di linee molto intricate e con disegni geometrici ripetuti che rappresentano la reinterpretazione di flora e fauna o elementi naturali, specialmente fuoco, aria e acqua.
Giapponese
sono chiamati irezumi (ireru inserire sumi inchiostro nero,) o horimono (horu inscrivere mono qualcosa) per precisare la tecnica tradizionale giapponese è detta "Tebori". L'irezumi ha la caratteristica di coprire spesso gran parte della superfice del corpo,anche se in genere are not hands, feet and head. The tattoo horimono in its current form was developed in the late nineteenth century, and has undergone ups and downs in popularity in Japan, having been forbidden in the law and reinstated several times. It was a typical decoration of that segment of Japanese society called "floating world", which included prostitutes, gamblers' s gambling, gangsters, small traders, but was especially prevalent among the firemen, the mafia and laborers, in the class "high "and the samurai was very rare to find examples. The most classic traditional Japanese tattoo designs are:
tribal style is characterized by abstract patterns, formati da linee dalla silhouette molto marcata, di solito riempiti totalmente di nero. Spesso i disegni vengono effettuati in maniera tale da enfatizzare le linee naturali del corpo e della muscolatura. È altrettanto diffusa l'utilizzo di linee molto intricate e con disegni geometrici ripetuti che rappresentano la reinterpretazione di flora e fauna o elementi naturali, specialmente fuoco, aria e acqua.
Giapponese
sono chiamati irezumi (ireru inserire sumi inchiostro nero,) o horimono (horu inscrivere mono qualcosa) per precisare la tecnica tradizionale giapponese è detta "Tebori". L'irezumi ha la caratteristica di coprire spesso gran parte della superfice del corpo,anche se in genere are not hands, feet and head. The tattoo horimono in its current form was developed in the late nineteenth century, and has undergone ups and downs in popularity in Japan, having been forbidden in the law and reinstated several times. It was a typical decoration of that segment of Japanese society called "floating world", which included prostitutes, gamblers' s gambling, gangsters, small traders, but was especially prevalent among the firemen, the mafia and laborers, in the class "high "and the samurai was very rare to find examples. The most classic traditional Japanese tattoo designs are:
dragons, cherry blossoms, a symbol of transcendence and evanescence of Life Fudomyo-O, Japanese version of the Buddhist deity Acalanatha, furious version of the Buddha shishi, and stylized depiction of the mythological lion
koi carp, a symbol of courage and perseverance masks hannya or demonic masks used in the Japanese No theater, portrayed in tattoos hebi with apotropaic value, snake, symbol of courage Bonji writing characters that are used in Japanese ideograms bhuddismo esoteric verses, quotations or entire parts of the Buddhist sutras Hou-ou bird, like the phoenix Western Kilin or Kirin, a mythical animal with the value of luck
kiku, botan chrysanthemum flowers, peony flowers
lotus paintings drawn from nineteenth-century prints Ukyo-e
these themes are often combined with the second classic combinations, for example:
the dragon is depicted preferably with the chrysanthemum, the lion is preferably tattooed with the peony, creating a classic combination called "Kara-Jishi" Hannya masks are preferably combined with snakes and Buddhist symbols like the lotus and the roll of the sutras, or petals and cherry blossoms.
Biomechanical
Inspired by the work of Hans Ruedi Giger, this type of tattoos had his moment of glory in the eighties and early nineties.
tattoos biomechanical creatures are usually composed of organs or limbs inextricably fused with human parts.
Lettering
lettering.Stile Tattoo with a tattoo of the words or phrases that replace or complement the drawings. Usually they are written the name of your partner, political messages or slogans of various kinds.
koi carp, a symbol of courage and perseverance masks hannya or demonic masks used in the Japanese No theater, portrayed in tattoos hebi with apotropaic value, snake, symbol of courage Bonji writing characters that are used in Japanese ideograms bhuddismo esoteric verses, quotations or entire parts of the Buddhist sutras Hou-ou bird, like the phoenix Western Kilin or Kirin, a mythical animal with the value of luck
kiku, botan chrysanthemum flowers, peony flowers
lotus paintings drawn from nineteenth-century prints Ukyo-e
these themes are often combined with the second classic combinations, for example:
the dragon is depicted preferably with the chrysanthemum, the lion is preferably tattooed with the peony, creating a classic combination called "Kara-Jishi" Hannya masks are preferably combined with snakes and Buddhist symbols like the lotus and the roll of the sutras, or petals and cherry blossoms.
Biomechanical
Inspired by the work of Hans Ruedi Giger, this type of tattoos had his moment of glory in the eighties and early nineties.
tattoos biomechanical creatures are usually composed of organs or limbs inextricably fused with human parts.
Lettering
lettering.Stile Tattoo with a tattoo of the words or phrases that replace or complement the drawings. Usually they are written the name of your partner, political messages or slogans of various kinds.
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